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Changes in personality and behavior
Depression
Anxiety
Hallucinations
Mood swings
Agitation
Apathy - lack of interest or emotions
Treatments
Most types of dementia cannot be cured. Treatments aim at reducing symptoms and progression of the condition.
Medication
Cholinesterase inhibitors: Helps to improve memory and cognitive functioning.
Donepezil · Galantamine
NMDA receptor antagonists: To improve learning and memory.
Memantine
Antipsychotics: To treat symptoms of anxiety, depression, and agitation.
Risperidone
Self care
The environment by reducing noise and distraction to help dementia patients focus and work.
Modifying tasks by breaking them into simpler tasks to help patients retain focus.
Therapies: Occupational therapy
Cognitive and sensory changes:
Memory loss, generally noticed by the near and dear ones
Difficulty in communication, especially finding the right words to communicate
Reduced ability to organize, plan, reason, or solve problems
Difficulty handling complex tasks
Confusion and disorientation
Difficulty with coordination and motor functions
Loss of or Reduced visual perception
Metallic taste in mouth, decreased sense of smell
Agnosia - unable to identify objects or persons
How common is condition?
Very common (More than 3 million cases per year in US)
Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
Often requires lab test or imaging
Is condition treatable?
Treatments can help manage condition, no known cure
Time taken for recovery
Can be lifelong
Dementia refers to a group of symptoms that together affect the memory, normal thinking, communicating and the reasoning ability of a person. These symptoms make it difficult to perform even daily simple tasks such as bathing and eating. Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of majority cases of dementia. Most types of dementia cannot be cured. Treatments aim at reducing symptoms and progression of the condition.